Rhineland-Palatinate follows the Rhine and the Moselle through vineyards and castle-crowned valleys. Trier is Germany's oldest city, and Mainz gave the world the printing press.
Trier was founded by the Romans, and the Porta Nigra gate, the baths and Constantine's throne hall still stand; the Rheinisches Landesmuseum shows their mosaics and a famous hoard of Roman gold coins. In Mainz, the Gutenberg Museum shows original Gutenberg Bibles. Between Bingen and Koblenz, the Upper Middle Rhine Valley is a UNESCO landscape of castles, vineyards and the Loreley rock, and the Marksburg is the only hilltop castle there that was never destroyed. Speyer has its huge Romanesque cathedral and the Technik Museum with a real Soviet space shuttle. Worms, Speyer and Mainz share a UNESCO title for their medieval Jewish heritage. Food here goes with wine: Riesling from the Moselle, Saumagen (stuffed pig's stomach, a Palatinate favourite), and in autumn onion tart with young, still-fermenting wine. In September the Wurstmarkt in Bad Dürkheim is one of the biggest wine festivals in the world, and from spring to autumn 'Rhine in Flames' lights up the castles with fireworks.
The big moments, and where to see them today.
Roman mosaics, tombstones and the largest hoard of Roman gold coins ever found.
Original Gutenberg Bibles and a working copy of his press.
The only hilltop castle on the Middle Rhine that was never destroyed.
The Soviet space shuttle Buran, planes, ships and a submarine.
Almost every museum is easy to reach by public transport.
Lines and timetables change. Check the operator’s website before you travel.